14 Feb 2010
Telemedicine means the use of different telecommunications and information technologies such as the Internet, telephones, satellites, video-conferencing equipment and so on to transfer medical data. It allows patients to consult physicians at a distant.
It is unknown when telecommunication was first used in health care. The idea of its application in such a field may have appeared centuries ago. For example, people used bonfires to warn about the approach of enemy troops. In the same way they could inform of the spread of an epidemic. After the invention of a telegraph it was used not only for war purposes, but also for transmission of casualty lists and ordering of medical supplies. In the end of the 19th century physician began to use the telephone. It was the main means of medical communications for a half a century and it is still a major force. In addition to the telephone physicians made use of the radio by the 1930. With its help they transferred medical information, dispatched medical teams and helicopters.
Current telemedicine has been developed since the 1960s. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration played a significant part in its evolution. NASA used telemedicine technology in the first spacecrafts. Physicians, being on Earth, monitored physiological functions, such as heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, for astronauts in space. This took place due to development of difficult biomedical telemetry and telecommunications systems. Another great impact on the development of telemedicine was made by the invention of television. The first two-way TV link was established between the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute and Norfolk State Hospital about 112 miles away in 1964. Specialists and general practitioners used it for consultations. In 1967 the medical station at Boston’s Logan International Airport was linked up to Massachusetts General Hospital. Physicians from hospital provided medical care to patients at the airport using a 2 way audiovisual microwave circuit. This shoed that medical data could be transmitted successfully and that illnesses could be diagnosed at a distant through interactive television. In 1971 satellite communications were used in Alaska.
Encyclopedia Britannica is one of the most popular encyclopedias in the world, which is renowned worldwide as a reliable source of information. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies, especially information technologies and telecommunications stimulated the wider use of electronic sources of information, while Internet became the main source of information not only for ordinary users but also for researchers and scientists who need accurate and reliable information. In such a situation, the traditional, print format of Encyclopedia Britannica has started to lose its popularity and Encyclopedia Britannica started a new strategy aiming at the expansion of its target market on Internet.
The lost generation and its problems are still relevant since the modern society is in a way similar to the society of the lost generation. These similarities as well as differences can be traced in works of major writers who belong to the lost generation and who wrote about the lost generation. In fact, it is obvious that the lost generation faced similar ethical dilemmas as the present generation, it faced the problem of the social inequality, but, fortunately, the modern generation has never experienced what the lost generation had – the world war.
Every day we hear a lot of jokes around us, but we even don’t think how they appeared and why it happens. In this essay I want to talk about jokes and their main features, also we can’t leave without our attention comedies and their interpretations. When we hear word joke, of course, we associate this word with humor and such associative row is normal for every person. People like jokes and try to tell them in everyday life: sometimes it is really funny, but sometimes no. Why it happens in such a way? It is rather interesting question and let’s tries to answer on it.
Media play an extremely important part in the modern society. In this respect, it should be said that the role of media has increased dramatically during the Presidential campaign 2008 because many media presented the Presidential election 2008 as a turning point in the history of the USA. In this respect, it is important to underline that the impact of media has increased substantially and today media can influence the public opinion and, what is more, they can even shape the social identity of people. In such a situation, mass media can be viewed as an effective tool that can be used by political forces to achieve their goals. On the other hand, it is necessary to understand that in a democratic country, such as the USA, the pressure on mass media is absolutely unacceptable. Nevertheless, mass media can hardly avoid external influences as well as pressure from the part of the owners of media which attempt to create certain image of the media and position the media on the market. In such a situation, the question of objectivity of coverage of the Presidential campaign naturally arises. Therefore, it is very important to analyze how the Presidential campaign was presented in media. In terms of this paper, the New York Times will be discussed, since it is one of the leading print media of the USA, which has a substantial influence on the public opinion nationwide.
So here we have three articles under the analysis. These are “The Honest Workingman and Workers’ Control: The Experience of Toronto Skilled Workers, 1860-1892″ by G. S. Kealey , “Joe Beef of Montreal: Working-Class Culture and the Tavern, 1869-1889″ by P. DeLottinville, “After the Fur Trade: The Aboriginal Labouring Class of British Columbia 1849-1890″ by J. Lutz. Every article is telling its own unique story about the development of a working class in America.
