If you must persuade your audience to take some action, aren't you being manipulative and unethical?
Advertising is a mighty weapon in the world trade market. It is hard to imagine
a successful promoting company without advertising. Every day millions of people
create and see advertisements. In our age of globalisation people try to find
common points at any subjects to make the transmission of information easier.
On the one hand advertisement can give us useful information, but on the other
hand it is possible to manipulate persuading a group of people to take some
action or to buy some thing. How could people draw a distinction between these
two effects?
If the advertisers resort to various tricks to persuade the audience and so
try to influence not people’s consciousness but their subconsciousness,
then such behaviour is manipulative and unethical. People cannot control their
subconsciousness and so are easily persuaded to take some action. Knowing methods
of influence on this part of mind, advertisers can have power upon their customers.
For example, we have a great number of persuasive messages, where alcohol or
tobacco is advertised. The accent is usually made on the fact that all real
men drink beer, or people of high social rang smoke cigarettes. In advertisements
of tobacco, we can see beautiful women who smoke cigars, this picture retains
in our subconscious mind and then cigars for us are associated with beauty,
prosperous way of life and wealth. Using this trick advertisers manipulate our
mind.
Nevertheless, advertisement can be aimed not at our subconsciousness, but at
our consciousness, in such a way it has just informative character and it depends
on person’s mind whether to perceive all the information or to choose
necessary facts in the endless stream of information. In this way we also deal
with persuasion but in its classical interpretation: “Persuasion occurs
through the deliberate use of communication to change a person’s attitude”
(Fazio, 1990). To persuade the person using logic evidence and arguments does
not mean to be manipulative and unethical. This kind of persuasion must be applied
in our advertisement, and then there will be no ethical and psychological arguments
in this sphere.
References
1. Fazio, R., (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior:
The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M. Zanna (Ed.) Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology, vol 23, (pp. 75-109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
2. Snyder, M. (1982). When believing means doing: Creating links between attitudes
and behavior. In M. Zanna, E. Higgins, & C. Herman (Eds.) Consistency in
Social Behavior: The Ontario Symposium, vol 2 (pp. 105-130). Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.


