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| Iraq
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Formerly the territory of Iraq is the cradle of the civilization,
but presently it becomes the field of battle, on which there
is a fight for control under this territory between a few
forces. Encroachment of foreign troops with the United States
at the head in 2003 was the impulse to this violent fight.
As a result the government of Saddam Hussein was overthrown.
Now in the country there is new government which functions
at support of thousands of soldiers. It faced with the sequence
of crises. Among urgent tasks there is renewal of civil society
and system of country safety.
Attacks of militants on the peaceful habitants and Iraqi forces
of safety do not stop. Tense relations between Muslim -Sunni
and Muslim –Shi’a became the result of sanguinary
collisions.
But war with Iran, in the Persian Gulf in 1991 after occupation
of Kuwait, and subsequent introduction of international sanctions,
made a destructive effect on the economy of country and its
population. In 1991 UNO declared that Iraq had become into
the state of pre-industrial period. Last years, after the
overthrow of Saddam, damage, inflicted upon country as a result
of attacking of insurgents on Iraqi oil buildings, made the
milliards of the lost income.
The development and changes in Iraqi society during last decades
were reflected in the Journal article by Shereen T. Ismael
“Dismantling the Iraqi Social Fabric: from Dictatorship
through Sanctions to Occupation”.
The subject of Iraqi women is widely opened in articles By
Arwa Damon and Peter Beaumont.
Iraqi women and girls live with the fear of being killed or
raped. At present time the lack of security induces the Iraqi
women to avoid public life and appreciably embarrasses the
development of their rights. Since the beginning of the military
campaign in 2003 armed bands had persecuted and killed several
women-politicians, and active defenders of women’s rights.
Three wars and more than ten years of economic sanctions have
brought very difficult consequences for Iraqi women. During
the regime of Saddam they were underwent discrimination on
the gender basis, including rape and other kings of sexual
violence. Besides they were underwent as political figures,
relatives of politicians and members of separate ethnical
and religious groups.
Prostitution was illegal, but there were pleasure marriages
are when a man hires a woman to be his wife in exchange for
money. Nowadays a lot of families live poorly, and women have
to be prostitutes to feed their children.
Iraqi children paid the highest price for this war. It becomes
evident from the Shereen T. Ismael “The Cost of War:
The Children of Iraq”. During 2007 hundreds of Iraqi
children died. Experts of the Children Fund of UNO calculated
that every month among forced migrants and refugees there
were in general about 25 thousands of children. At the end
of the year in camps and temporary refuges about 75 thousands
of children lived. In this situation children don’t
have access to education and treatment. UNICEF worried that
during last years situation with education in Iraq become
worse. According to their data only 28% of teenagers passed
their exams at schools. Situation in the field of children
health protection is aggravated because of only 20% of people
who live outside Baghdad live in the places with the functioning
sewer system.
Journal article by Gary A. Stradiotto insists that the first
Gulf War in 1991 Iraq had one of the best educational performances
in the region. “Education was free; enrollment and literacy
rates were high”.
Journal article by Shereen T. Ismael “Dismantling the
Iraqi Social Fabric: From Dictatorship through Sanctions to
Occupation” represents the analysis of social life in
Iraq.
The old men have the opportunity to get the cash benefit:
pension.
Families have become unstable as a result of intensive migration
of the population. Death in the family can be the reason of
break-up of family household, and if the death was a result
of religious conflict, the possibility that family will come
into other place, increases.
In the article by Frederick W. Kagan “Iraq is not Vietnam”
the author analyzed the policy of the USA in these countries
and the positions of soldiers in these conflicts.
Soldier of the USA in battle conditions must carry on himself
about 50 kg. This is standard accoutrements - rifle, helmet,
body armour, meal, water, devices for nightly vision and a
lot of electronics with batteries.
The USA army is the best trained army in the world. But what
circumstances force them to live their families and go to
Iraq? The reasons may be: good payment, benefits, and maybe
respect.
Analyzing these articles and journals I was horrified about
the changes in the Iraqi people’s life. All these sources
describe the reader earth-shattering results of this war.
References
1. Kagan, F.W. (2005). Iraq Is Not Vietnam. Policy Review,
134, 3-10.
2. Weigel, G. (2006). Iraq: Then & Now. First Things:
A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, 162, 34-40.
3. Ismael, T.S. (2004). Dismantling the Iraqi Social Fabric:
From Dictatorship through Sanctions to Occupation. Journal
of Comparative Family Studies, 35, 333-339.
4. Ismael, T.S. (2007). The Cost of War: the Children of Iraq.
Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 38, 337-341.
5. Stradiotto, A.G. (2004). Democratizing Iraq: Regime Transition
and Economic Development in Comparative Perspective. International
Journal on World Peace, 21, 3-10.
6. Cappuccio, S.N. (2006). Mothers of Soldiers and the Iraq
War: Justification through Breakfast Shows on ABC, CBS, and
NBC. Women and Language, 29, 3-11.
7. Rycik M.T. (2006). 9/11 to the Iraq War: Using Books to
Help Children Understand Troubled Times. Childhood Education,
82, 145-155.
8. Nann Winter D.D. (1998). War is Not Healthy for Children
and Other Living Things. Peace and Conflict, 4, 415-429.
9. Harding, S. (2004). The Sound of Silence: Social Work,
the Academy, and Iraq. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare,
31, 23-30.
10. Bloom M. (2007). Female Suicide Bombers: A Global Trend.
Daedalus, 136, 34-41.
11. TheObserver. (2006, October). Hidden victims of a brutal
conflict: Iraq's women. Retrieved July, 2008, from < http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/oct/08/iraq.peterbeaumont>
12. CNN International. (2007, August). Iraqi women: Prostituting
ourselves to feed our children. Retreived July, 2008, from
< http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/08/15/iraq.prostitution/index.html>
13. The Christian Science Monitor. (2006, March). Was it worth
it? An Iraqi family debates. Retreived June, 2008, from <
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0317/p01s04-woiq.html>
14. Stomfay-Stitz, A. (2003). Children of War. Childhood Education,
79, 12-18.
15. Sechzer J.A. (2004). "Islam and Woman: Where Tradition
Meets Modernity" History and Interpretations of Islamic
Women's Status. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 51, 34-40.
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